This course focuses on curriculum and instruction within science and social studies. The teaching of these content areas is an essential part of Prek–8 classrooms not only to achieve key learning goals but also as a means to engage and motivate students. Students plan and assess appropriate learning experiences and learn strategies to modify and adapt units and lessons for students with moderate disabilities. The course applies cooperative learning, vocabulary and concept formation and online resources. Additionally, the course helps students develop skills such as critical and analytical thinking and decision-making. Science: Attention is given to cognitive development and scientific reasoning skills, science and engineering practices and elements important to teaching science and assessing student understanding. It includes the content areas of life and physical science and related safety issues. Additionally, students explore the history of major scientific discoveries and inventions. Social studies: Students are exposed to the key disciplines within social studies including — though not limited to — state, national and world history, economics, geography and government. Candidates practice effective means for teaching citizenship skills to students in a way that promotes diversity and social justice.